Finishing device



E. I. HARRISON Aug. 1, 1950 FINISHING DEVICE Filed NOV. 23, 1945 Juan?? .5? 6726 ZMI-ZZSa/Z Patented Aug. 1, 1950 FINISHING DEVICE Eugene LHaI-rison, Downers Grove, Ill., assignor of one-half to John J. Bailey, Chicago, Ill.

Application samba 23, 1945, Serial No. 630,357

s'olaims.

This application is a continuation, in part, of my original application, Serial No. M81770, filed August 9, 194.4, which is now abandoned.

This invention relates to a finishing device for grinding, burring, and finishing material, such as I metal, and particularly for use in connection with 'the internaI surfaces of tubular articles.

. [More specifically, the invention relates to what .may be termed an abrasive cone for finishing or otherwise working upon the interior surfaces of tubular members.

An important object of the present invention is the provision of a finishing device of new and novel construction including a mandrel and a plurality of layers or plies of sheet abrasive material, the mandrel and the material being constructed and arranged to the proper size and shape, and having interengaging or inter-fitting construction to secure lockingly, but removably, the material to the mandrel. l 7

Another object of the invention is the provision of a locking member or mandrel arranged and constructed, so as to receive lockingly between spaced legs one or more sheets of abrasive material A further object of the vision of sheets of ,abrasive material configurated in a, particular manner so as to have interlocking or interfitting engagementwith a'driven man.- drel, and for use particularly for interiorly finishing tubes, whereby the material will assume a circular contour in cross-sectionwhen in operation. I y I I, Astill further object is to provide a structure of this character having improved means incorporated therein, which will insure that abrasive elements willreturn to their normal or;original shape, and willbe preventedzfrom becoming set in bent or distortedposition, so that the same pressure upon the work will be assured, regardless of the thickness of the pad or abradingelem n x II I A. still further object of the invention consists in the provision of a finishing devicei for finish,- ing metal suriacesJncluding grinding and burring the interior walls of-a tubular member. the construction and arrangement being such that a layer, ora plurality of layers oriplies, of ma,- terial may be inserted readily, and quickly within a driven supporting member such as a mandrel, the material being held in position by the mandrel, there. beingmeans provided to permit easy insertion and withdrawal of the material from t e mandrel I Numerous other objects andadvan ses he invention is the 1 proapparent throughout the progress of the following specification.

The accompanying drawing illustrates a selected embodiment of the invention, and the views therein are as follows:

; Fig. l is a detail perspective view of the improved finishing device;

Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view on the line Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view showing the manner in which the device, sometimes referred to as an abrasive cone, may be used for grinding, burring, or otherwise finishing the inside of a tubular member such as a cylinder, the device being shown in the positionit assumes while being rotated in a clockwise direction;

Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig. 3, but showing the device operating within a cylinder in a counter-clockwise manner;

Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of the mandrel and embodying the invention;

Figafiis a detail perspective view of a sheet of abrasive material which co-operates with the mandrel shown in Fig. 5, to provide an abrasive cone of the type shown in Fig. 1;

. Fig. 7 isadetail sectional view on the line 1-1 of Fig. 1;,

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of one form of locking means which may be used for securing the sheets or plies of abrasive material between the spaced legs of the mandrel; and

Fig. 9 is a detail perspective view of the reinforcing element adapted to be arranged between plies of abrasive material.

The particular construction herein shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention'comprises what may be termed an abrasive cone. The abrasivecone comprises a mandrel II which is provided with an elongated body 2 having. spaced legs 3 to provide a central longitudinal opening 4. The exteriorsurface of the legsfi is oval or substantially circular, as indicated at 5. The legs 3 are preferably. formed integral with a supporting enlargement or collar 6. A shaft 1 is integral with the collar .5, and protrudes outwardly (in a direction opposite to the direction of the legs 3) toprovide a shaft or stem for engagement with a driven machine part for causing rotation of the device. The space 4 betweenthelegs 3 extends from the end 8 of an integral leg attaching part 9 to the extreme ends ID of the device. The mandrelis preferably madefrom a single piece of metal,, and ;is slotted onzopposite sides, as indicated at l I, Fig. 5, forming the integralattaching portionB, and providing the opposed slots l I. The

extreme outer ends ill of the legs 3 may be relatively pointed, having rounded ends, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. Spaced alined holes iii are formed in the legs 3 intermediate the ends thereof, to receive a locking member l3, Fig. 8, which in the present embodiment is shown as a socket head screw, known in the art as an Allen screw, one of the holes l2 being threaded for threaded cooperation with the threaded end it of the fastening member it The mandrel l is adapted to receive, in the space 4 between the spaced legs 3, a plurality of layers or plies of flexible abrasive material 15, Fig. 6. The abrasive material 15 may have abrasive applied to both sides thereof, but is shown herein as being applied to one side only, whereby there is provided an abrasive surface it and a smooth side l'l.

The abrasive material 15 is preferably cut from conventional sheets of abrasive material, so as to provide the particular shape preferable for performing the metal removing operation on the inside of cylinders and other tubes. The material lii is preferably provided with oppositely disposed parallel side edges [8, I8, and a straight end I9, Fig. 6. The side walls 18 converge inwardly in relatively arcuate formation, as indicated at 20, toward the extreme outer end 2|. The extreme outer end may assume any configuration, as indicated at 22, Fig. 6. Each sheet or ply of abrasive material :5 is provided with a 1;

hole 23, which is adapted to aline with the holes IL in the legs 3 of the mandrel. A centrally disposed slot 24 extends inwardly from the end edge IS a predetermined distance, and is substantially the same size as the member 9, being adapted to receive the member 9 between the side edges 25 of the slot 24. The end 26 of the slot 24 is adapted to engage and abut the end B of the member 9.

A plurality of layers or plies of abrasive material i5 of substantially uniform size and configuration, are separate from each other, and when assembled in a stack are inserted between legs 3 of the mandrel, being held at their upper or inner ends by the engagement of the member 9 with the slot 24. Also, for further supporting the plies, the end [9 may abut, if desired, the inner end 2'! of the collar 6'. After the required number of plies or layers of abrasive material E5 is inserted between the legs 3 and properly positioned therein, with the member 9 engaging the slots 24, a fastening member 13 is inserted through the alined holes l2 and 23. The fastening member !3 is then screwed in position to draw the legs 3 tightly together and bind and removably hold the plies of material between the legs, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 7.

The arrangement herein shown comprises six layers or plies of abrasive material l5, although a greater or lesser number of plies may be used,

depending upon the conditions or the work to be done. As shown, three layers of flexible abrasive material 15 have their abrasive surfaces Hi extending outwardly from the center, Whilethe opposite three layers have their abrasive surfaces l6 also arranged toward the outside from the center. This construction permits the device to be used for a finishing operation, whether the device be driven in a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction, Figs. 3 and 4. The device is particularly adapted for finishing the interior of tubes 28 such as cylinders, as shown in Fig. 3. The abrasive material l5 being flexible and the transverse dimension of the material being considerably greater than the interior dimension of the tube, the sheets of material will assume, when inserted in the tube, the positions shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Because of the particular configuration of the material [5, and the fact that the plies or layers are separate from each other, the device, when in operation, will assume a relatively conical shape, the operating surfaces of the abrasive material spreading with respect to each other conforming with the shape of the tube being worked upon, and in effect forming a relatively cone-shaped member having flexible characteristics.

The abrasive material I5, particularly where the material is relatively thick, may have a smooth or non-abrasive surface 29, Figs. 6 and 7, and the longitudinal dimension of the material may extend beyond or fall short of the end ll] of the legs, if desired.

The abrasive body of the device is formed by taking two center layers and putting the smooth sides I! in contacting relationship, with the additional layers applied on each side, with the smooth side against the adjacent abrasive surfaces IB. When so arranged in stacked formation, they are inserted between the legs to bring interengagement of the part 9 with the slot 24, and then clamped tightly together by the locking member l3.- The end 1 is adapted to be inserted in a machine driven part, such as a chuck, so as to rotate the device in a clockwise direction, as shown in Fig. 3, or in a counter-clockwise direction, asshown in Fig. 4. The device is then inserted in a tube 28, whereby the flexible sheets will assume the contour of configuration of the inside of the tube, and with the abrasive material in overlapped position, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The overlapping is effected when the device is inserted inside of the tube. Rotation of the device, therefore, will cause the interior surface 39 of the cylinder or other tube to be finished.

It has been found that when an abrading element thus constructed has been used for a suflicient length of time, the bent or deflected portion of the abrading sheets or elements, due to heat or other conditions, becomes set and will not return to its normal or original shape, with the result that when subsequently used, it is not possible to obtain the same and necessary pressure against the work or surface being operated upon. Therefore, in order to overcome this difficulty and objection, there is provided a reinforcing element 3|, which is constructed of any suitable resilient material, such as spring steel or the like, which may be of substantially the same configuration as the elements 15.

The body portion of the element 3! is preferably of less width than the elements 15, so as to permit the elements I! to be flexed or bent and, at the same time, obviate the danger of the elements [5 being cut by the edge of the element 34.. Furthermore, the element 3 I, being of resilient material, will itself be capable of being bent or flexed with the body portion of the abrading elements. With the use of this resilient reinforcing element, and after the abrading element has been used, the abrading element will be prevented from becoming set in a bent condition, under the action of heat generated by use of the device, and will, when withdrawn from the tubular work into which it has been inserted and used, operate to return the elements to their original shape. Furthermore, this resilient element 3| will insure the same pressure of the abrading elements uponthe inner surface of othertubular work which maylbeof a larger diameter. That is, the pressure caused to be exerted by the use of the resilient element 3| will be the same. Furthermore, the edges of the abrading elements will be prevented from becoming cut by the sharp end of a tube into which the toolis inserted, as such edges will be rein forced by the resilient element. This pressure of the abrading elements against-thework will be substantially the same, whether the thickness of the pad is increased or decreased.

The element 3| comprises a body portion 32, having substantially parallel sides 33, and a tapered end 34 terminating ina straight end portion 35. A recess 36is provided in the opposite end, and an aperture 31 is also provided through the body portion. i i i is i This element 3| is of substantially the same shape as the elements IE, but its body portion is preferably narrower in width than the width of the elements l5, so as not to interfere with the deflection of the edges of the latter, and to prevent the edges of the reinforcing element from coming into contact with the surface being operated upon.

The abrasive body of the device may be formed by taking two center layers or sheets and putting their sides inproximity to each other, with the resilient element 3| therebetween, and in contacting relationwiththe additional layers applied on each side of the assembly. When so arranged in stacked formation, they are inserted between the legs 3 of the mandrel to bring interengagement of the part 9 with the slots 24 of the abrading elements l5 and the slot 36 in the resilient element3|, and are then clamped tightly together by the locking element l3, which passes through the registering openings 23 and 31. i The end I is adapted to be inserted in a machine driven part, such as a chuck, so as to rotate the device in a clockwise direction, as shown in Fig. 3, or in a counter-clockwise direction, as shown in Fig. 4. The device then inserted intoa tube 28, whereby the flexible elements or sheets I5 will assume the contour or configuration of the inside of the tube, with the abrasive material in overlapped position, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The overlapping is effected when the device is inserted inside of the tube. Rotation of the device, therefore, will cause the interior surface 30 of the tube or cylinder to be finished.

The reinforcing element 3| being constructed of resilient material, will also be curved or bent with the elements l5, and will exert a pressure upon the elements to force them into contact with the surface of the work. As the resilient element 3| is of a width less than the width of the elements l5, the overlapping and deflection of the portion of the elements l5 beyond the edges of the body of the element 3| will not be interfered with. Furthermore, when the device is removed from the tube after use, the resilient element 3| will cause the sheets or elements |5 to assume, or be bent back into substantially their original shape, and thus prevent the elements I5 from becoming set in a bent condition, which otherwise they would be, by reason of the heat generated during the use of the device.

Furthermore, by providing the elements I 6 and I8 separate from each other, when one or more is worn or becomes useless, it or they may be readily removed from the stack and replaced by others, without losing the benefit of those which are still fit for further use.

While the device hereinshown and described is particularly adapted for the interior finishing of cylinders and other tubes, it may, of course,

be used for other purposes to suit conditions. The arrangement and construction of the device is suchthat it will lock securely a plurality of layers of abrasive material, and maintain the layers in proper position during operation. The mandrelis preferably made from a single piece of material, and is so constructed as to permit quick and easy application and removal ofthe abrasive material and the reinforcing element: The mandrel and its co-operating sheets of material, as well as thereinforcing element, may be made in various sizes so as to accommodate tubes of various diameters. i

The device herein shown is rigid and durable in construction, efficient in operation, and may bereadily and economically manufactured. Changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts, without de-* parting from the spirit of the invention. or sacrificing any of its advantages, and the right is hereby reserved to make all such changes as fairly fall within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed as new is: i

l. A'finishing device comprising a body having spaced legs, a lug between said legs of a thickness equal to the space between said legs, but narrower than the width of the legs, to provide a slot at two sides of the body, flexible abrasive material between said legs and having a slot inwardly from one edge to receive the lug, said legs and material having alined holes, and fas tening means in said holes to lock the material to the body. i i i 2. A finishing device embodying a body having spaced legs, a lug between said legs of a thickness equalto the space between said legs, but narrower than the width of the legs, to provide a slotat two sides of the body, flexible abrasive materialbetween saidlegs and having a slot inwardly from one edge to receive the lug, said legs and material having alined holes, fastening means in said holes to lock the material to the body, a collar integral with the body and abutting the end of said material, and a protruding part extending from one end of the body and adapted for co-operation with a driven member.

3. A mandrel for a finishing device comprising a body including a pair of longitudinally extending spaced legs adapted to receive one or more layers of flexible abrasive material therebetween, means for drawing said legs together to impinge flexible material therebetween along the longitudinal axial center line of the material, when the legs are drawn together, a protruding rigid shaft secured to the legs at one end of the mandrel and adapted for co-operation with a rotatably driven device, and a lug of reduced width between said legs and integral with said legs to secure the legs together.

4. A mandrel for a finishing device comprising a body including a pair of longitudinally extending spaced legs adapted to receive one or more layers of flexible abrasive material there'between along an axis extending longitudinally of the material, a lug of reduced width between said legs and integral therewith, whereby slots are formed on two sides of the body and into which slots the material is adapted to extend, said legs having flat inner surfaces for engagement with the material along the central axis of the material and rounded outer surfaces to add strength to the legs, there being alined holes in the legs at the longitudinal central axis of the legs adapted to receive fastening means to draw the legs together to lock the material between the legs along the longitudinal center line of the material, and a shaft adapted to be driven .and projecting outwardly from the legs at one end of themandrel.

5. A mandrel for a finishing device embodying a body including a pair of elongated longitudinally extending spaced legs adapted to receive one or more layers of normally substantially flat flexible abrasive material therebetween, means for drawing said legs together to impinge the flexible material therebetween when the legs are so drawn together and with the legs contacting the outer faces of the outermost layers, integral means connecting the legs at one end adapted to be seated in recesses in one end of the material, and an integral shaft projecting outwardly at said one end and adapted for co-operation with a driven device for driving rotatively the mandrel.

6. A device for finishing an interior surface of a work article, said device embodying a holder having resilient longitudinally extending furcations and a plurality of flexible abrasive sheet elements arranged side by side and extending laterally in opposite directions beyond said holder, said sheet elements being mounted on said holder between said furcations, a sheet of springy metal arranged interiorly of the abrasive sheets, fastening means for said abrasive sheets and said metal sheet, engaging said furcations and passing through said sheets for securing the sheets in assembled relation with respect to said holder, and interengaging means at the base of said furcations and the proximate end of said abrasive sheets, for assisting in positioning said sheets between said furcations.

7. A device for finishing an interior surface of a work article, said device embodying a holder having resilient longitudinally extending furcations and a plurality of flexible abrasive sheet elements arranged side by side and extending laterally in opposite directions beyond said holder, said sheet elements being mounted on said holder between said furcations, a sheet of springy metal arranged interiorly of the abrasive sheets, fastening means for said abrasive sheets and said metal sheet, engaging said furcations and passing through said sheets for securing the sheets in assembled relation with respect to said holder, and interengaging means at the base of said furcations and the proximate end of said abrasive sheets, for assisting in positioning said sheets between said furcations, said interengaging means embodying a lug or projection on the holder between said furcations and a recess in the proximate end of the sheets to receive said projection.

8. A finishing device embodying a body having spaced legs, a plurality of plies of flexible abrasive material arranged between said legs along substantially the center line of said pad, said plies extending laterally in opposite directions beyond said body, means engaging said legs and passing through said plies for binding the legs against the outer faces of the outermost plies, and means disposed between said legs adjacent the bottom thereof and interengaging with said plies for assisting in positioning the lies between the legs, and also assisting in holding the plies in position.

EUGENE I. HARRISON.

REFERENCES CITED The iollowingreferences are of record in the file of this patent:

.UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 394,406 Se'egerl Dec. 11, 1888 437,463 Teague l Sept. 30, 1890 685,659 Williams Oct. 29, 1901 2,316,257 Krastin Apr. 13, 1943 2,370,490 Rice Feb. 27, 1945 2,370,491 Rice l Feb. 27, 1945 

